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  • Egypt Aswan Governorate Aswan

    Aswan Governerate in Egypt

    Aswan was known as ‘Sonu’ in ancient Egyptian times, meaning market, as it was a trading centre for caravans coming to and from Nubia. In the Ptolemaic era, it was called ‘Sin’ and the Nubians called it ‘Yaba Swan’. It was also known as the Land of Gold because it served as a great treasure or tomb for the kings of Nubia who lived there for thousands of years. Before the migration, Aswan's borders extended from Asna in the east to the border of Sudan in the south, and its inhabitants were Nubians, but after the Islamic conquest of Nubia, some Arab tribes settled there.

  • Things to Do in Luxor

    About Luxor Governorate in Egypt

    The South Upper Egyptian area is home to the Egyptian governorate of Luxor. Its capital is Luxor, which was formerly Thebes, the capital of Egypt throughout multiple pharaonic eras. Its centers and cities are spread over both sides of the Nile River. The said governorate was established by Presidential Decree No. 378 of 2009, which was promulgated on the 9th of December of that year.

  • kafr El Sheikh Governorate | kafr El Sheikh Governorate History

    History of kafr El Sheikh Governorate

    Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, located in the far north of Egypt in the Nile Delta, overlooking the Mediterranean Sea, is characterised by the diversity of natural life and environments, and is one of the Egyptian cities that can be visited after the end of the first semester exams at universities and schools, as it features many diverse tourist and recreational places at symbolic prices within everyone's reach.

  • Egypt's New Administrative Capital City

    Egypt's New Administrative Capital

    The New Administrative Capital is considered the project of the era because it reflects a perfect image of the future and progress on the economic, cultural, social and civilisational level, as the capital is considered the new capital of Egypt at the present time. The importance of the New Capital is that it is a comprehensive transformation of the future of buildings, services and national and mega projects in Egypt.

  • Historical Importance of Al Gharbia

    Al Gharbia Governorate

    The Governorate of Gharbia is inclusive in the geographical area of The Arab Republic of Egypt which is in the African continent, more specifically in the region surrounding the Nile delta, between Damietta and Rashid governance. To the control of the region from the north is Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate, from the south Menoufia Governorate, from the east – Dakahlia, Qalyubia Governorates, and to the west is the Beheira Governorate.

  • Marsa Alam City

    Hamata Islands (Qulaan Archipelago) in Marsa Alam

    Each reserve has several sectors. In Wadi El Gemal Reserve, there is one of the natural areas called the Hamata area or Hamata sector in Wadi El Gemal Reserve. Its sectors are the perfect and most ecological, land and water, and host countless animals and plants found in the oceans and on the land.

History of Egypt

Egyptian History

Egypt's history is one of the longest and most illustrious in the world, dating back to prehistoric times. Ancient Egypt, a civilization that emerged around 3100 BCE, is famous for its monumental achievements, including the pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the development of hieroglyphic writing. The country experienced successive periods of glory and decline, from the Old and Middle Kingdoms to the New Kingdom and later foreign rule by Persians, Greeks, and Romans. Egypt became a significant Islamic cultural and economic center in the medieval period. The modern era saw Egypt undergoing significant political changes, culminating in independence from British rule in the mid-20th century.

Cairo Top Tours can help you explore the beauty and significance of ancient Egyptian culture. With Cairo Top Tours, you'll have access to all the best archaeological sites in Egypt.

We can help you learn about this fascinating culture, which was a mystery until the secrets of the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were finally discovered. This happened when the Rosetta Stone was found during the French occupation of Egypt in the late 16th century.

During your Giza Pyramids tour, visit the Great Pyramid of King Cheops, the ancient Lighthouse Pharos, and the Library of Alexandria, once the only one of its kind.

We will tell you about all the different periods of Egyptian history so that you can better plan your trip to Egypt. This will help you choose the right Egypt Travel Packages or day tour including the Giza pyramids tour and the Egyptian museum, or you can try touring some of the major sites on our Cairo day tours. Also, You can plan a special trip on an Egypt Nile Cruise to see two amazing cities in Egypt called Luxor and Aswan.

he Mystery of Akhenaten's Revolution
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Akhenaten and the Beginnings of Monotheism

Admin History of Egypt

Akhenaton was the pharaoh and religious reformer who ruled Egypt for seventeen years. His goal was to reshape the Egyptian religious landscape by centering worship around the solar disk, known as "Aton." In pursuit of this vision, he attempted to erase the names of the major Egyptian god "Amun" and his wife "Mut" from monuments and records throughout the empire.

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The Ptolemaic Egpytian
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Egypt During the Ptolemaic Era | Ptolemaic Dynasty

Admin History of Egypt

The Ptolemies were a Macedonian family that arrived in Egypt following Alexander the Great's death in 323 BC. Ptolemy I established himself as Egypt's pharaoh in 305 BC, marking the start of the Ptolemaic era.

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1st dynasty of ancient Egypt history
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1st Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

The first Egyptian family to rule from 3200 BC to 3000 BC was known as the First Dynasty. It is also referred to as the ancient era's title together with the second Egyptian family. Menes was the first pharaoh, according to every source of Egyptian historiography.

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Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
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The Fourth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

The fourth Egyptian dynasty, which spanned the period from 2575 B.C. to 2465 B.C., was succeeded by the fifth and sixth Egyptian dynasties, all hailing from the Ancient Empire. At that period, Memphis served as Egypt's capital, and King Senefru is credited with founding the fourth Egyptian dynasty.

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Fifth Dynasty of ancient Egypt
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The Fifth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

The fifth dynasty, which consisted of nine rulers and governed Egypt from 2465 to 2323 B.C., came after the fourth. Cairo Top Tours can tell you more about the history of the fifth dynasty in ancient Egypt!

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The Seventh Dynasty of Ancient
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The Seventh Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

In Egyptian history, the seventh dynasty is renowned for its kings. The First Intermediate Period is defined as the seventh through tenth and eleventh families. Because the seventh and eighth dynasties were a time of great uncertainty in Egyptian history, hardly much is known about their monarchs.

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Ancient Egypt History
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The Eighth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

We discovered that the pharaohs of this line continued to be traditional during the Eighth Dynasty, referring to themselves by the names of their forebears in the majority of instances. As an illustration, of the kings of the Eighth Dynasty, we find that five of them went by the name "Nefer Ka Ra," one went by the name "Djedkara," and one went by the name "Nefer Er Kara."

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The Ninth Dynasty of Ancient
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The Ninth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

The general conditions did not differ much from the previous ones, and the new kings continued to ask the powerful rulers for help and kindness. We do not know anything about the conflict that likely occurred between the princes of Ahnasia and the later Eighth Dynasty kings at Memphis, nor do we know the position of the governors of the provinces of the new family when they were raised.

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The Tenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History
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The Tenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

We don't yet know why dynasty IX gave way to dynasty X, despite the fact that we can discern a certain kind of communication between them based on the names of their kings. The Egyptians also referred to them as the "Khatti dynasty". It is never ruled out that a reinterpretation of the Egyptian monarchy's origins contributed to the split of Heraclius' pharaohs into two families. In any case, the tenth family comprises fourteen pharaohs, the majority of whom are unidentified.

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Pin on Napoleon in Egypt
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The French Expedition in Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Charles Majalon, the French consul in Egypt, gave a report to his government on February 9, 1798 A.D., prior to the French campaign against Egypt, urging it to take Egypt and emphasizing the value of his country seizing Egyptian produce and trade. and listing the benefits that France is anticipated to receive from that.

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Naqada period in ancient
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Naqada period in ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The porcelain industry that spread during the era of the Naqada I began to disappear and began to appear plates, cups, and ornamental vases made with the mixed child. The formation of this substance was more difficult than the formation of the indigo child, but solid vessels suitable for preserving food for a long time are saved.

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The Eleventh Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History
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The Eleventh Dynasty of Ancient Egypt History

Admin History of Egypt

The eleventh family controlled Pharaonic Egypt from 2134 to 1991 B.C. It was the eleventh dynasty of the reigning families. The Middle Kingdom began with the reign of Entef, the first king of Thebes, and ended with the country's political unification. The Egyptian central authority was reunited after a protracted period of disarray, largely due to the efforts of the Theban rulers, of whom Mentuhotep II was the most significant.

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Ancient Egypt Timeline Dynasties
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The Twelfth Dynasty of the History of Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

This dynasty was founded by King Amenemhat I, who was the last minister of the eleventh dynasty, and this twelfth family has endured tremendous difficulties in imposing its control and legitimacy on the sons of the previous dynasty.

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The Thirteenth Dynasty of the history of Ancient Egypt
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The Thirteenth Dynasty of the History of Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Along with the eleventh, twelfth, and fourteenth dynasties, the thirteenth Egyptian dynasty was the first in its age to initiate the Hyksos invasion of Egypt. They were all based in the Middle Kingdom. This family's rule started during the time between 1790 BC and 1649 BC.

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The Fourteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
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The Fourteenth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The Hyksos, the fourteenth dynasty, began in 1548 B.C., which initiated the era of the Second Middle Kingdom.

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The Fifteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Fifteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The first Huxusian family in Egyptian history, the 15th Dynasty, governed from Ejtawai without having complete control over Egypt. Instead, they chose to stay in northeastern Egypt, from where they had penetrated the country.

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The Sixteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Sixteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

During the XIII dynasty, Egypt lost control of Nubia and the residents moved from Etj-Tawi to Thebes.

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The Eighteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Eighteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The 18th Egyptian dynasty is an ancient pharaonic family that ruled Egypt in the period (1550 BC - 1292 BC), in the modern state of ancient Egypt. And it is considered one of the most famous and strongest Egyptian families in history. This dynasty is also known as the Thutmose dynasty, after the four pharaohs who were named Thutmose.

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The Nineteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Nineteenth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The pharaoh Ramses I, who established the XIX dynasty, served Horemheb, under whom he held the post of vizier. Long before he passed away, these two had chosen him to be their heir to handle the customary issues surrounding the succession.

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The Twenty-first Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Twenty-first Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Following Ramses XI's demise, there was a time when the Pharaonic throne remained empty and the Grand Priest of Amon grew in authority in the south.

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Ancient Egypt Dynasty by Dynasty
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The Twenty-Second Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

A lengthy inscription found at Abido, written when the king was still "the great leader of the Meshwesh, prince of princes," provides the earliest information on this monarch. After his father Nemrat, the son of a woman named Mehetemwaskhe, passed away, Sheshonq went to the then-ruler to ask for permission to build a large funeral cult in Abydos in his honor.

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The Twenty-third Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Twenty-third Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

33rd Dynasty (828–712 BC). It comprised a collection of modern rulers (dating disputedly) who governed in various territories toward the close of the XXII dynasty.

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The Twenty-fourth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The Twenty-Fourth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Around 730 B.C., the local monarch Tefnakht started to restore the unity of the nation surrounding him at Sais, in the delta. Rather than using force to conquer, it appears that he used persuasion to gain the respect of the local kings, who he confirmed as his vassals.

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The Twenty-fifth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The 25th Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Strange as it may seem, Manetho did not mention this legendary warrior from Sudan or the Cushite people until approximately 730 B.C., when events in Egypt abruptly changed dramatically. Piankhy was the brother of Shabaka, also known as Sabacon in Manetho, and the son of Kashta, a chieftain or monarch.

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The-Twenty-sixth-Dynasty-in-Ancient-Egypt
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The 26th Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Following their conquest, the Babylonians installed trusted governors in charge of the Egyptian cities. With Esarhaddon, the system of swapping out wicked kings for others of their choosing had been launched.

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The Twenty-seventh Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The 27th Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

For the brief three years that he ruled over Egypt, Cambyses made multiple unsuccessful attempts to expand and fortify his borders. The Phoenicians hesitated to fight against members of their own race, therefore the plan of war against Carthage was shelved.

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The Twenty-Eighth Dynasty in Ancient Egypt
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The 28th Dynasty in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

A later Egyptian tradition holds that the son was not allowed to succeed his father because Amirteos had somehow disobeyed the law. Manetho claims that Amirteos ruled for six years, which is most likely true given that a fifth-year pledge to settle a debt is seen in the Aramaic Elephantine papyrus.

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The 29th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
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The 29th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

One of the most well-known dynasties in Egyptian history is the XXVII Dynasty. At first, Nefretes I founded it. by slaying Amirtaeus at Memphis after defeating him in a public battle. At Mendes, Nefertiti captured his capital.

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The Thirtieth Dynasty of Ancient Egypt
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The 30th dynasty of Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Nekhtnebef was the first pharaoh of the 30th dynasty, though the succession order has frequently been disputed. This monarch may have left behind a large number of monuments that suggest an era of unbroken peace and prosperity. He is the author of the oldest sections of Philae.

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Ancient Egyptian Civilization
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Ancient Egyptian Civilization

Admin History of Egypt

Egypt is regarded as the land of civilizations from the beginning of time because civilizations were founded there on the banks of the Nile River, which is revered by both ancient and modern Egyptians as a symbol of stability and fertility. The ancient Egyptian civilizations predate Christ by more than 5500 years. The ancient Egyptian civilization started when King Narmer, also known as Minis, united these two kingdoms under his authority.

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Ancient Egyptian Social Structure
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Ancient Egyptian Social Structure

Admin History of Egypt

Ancient Egypt's social and organizational structure was arranged into hierarchical levels, with the monarch at the top. The top of Ancient Egypt's political-social structure was the pharaoh. The pharaoh, who inherited his position at the top of the hierarchical power structure, is the ultimate ruler in the state system.

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The economy in ancient Egypt
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The Economy in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Because the area in the Nile valley is so fertile, agriculture has always been the main industry in Egypt. Because of its exceptional agricultural output, temples and pyramids were built with the money earned from farming.

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Science in Ancient Egypt
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Science in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The agricultural system of ancient Egypt is connected to its science. The ancient Egyptians created a calendar that divided the year into 365 days in order to control the development of rich land along the flow of the Nile, favoring astronomical study.

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Egyptian Astronomy in Ancient Egypt
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Astronomy in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Astronomy was significant to the Egyptian way of life. The ancient Egyptians were able to anticipate the Nile River's floods and plan agricultural activities by using the celestial vault to create the earliest calendars and sundials.

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Writing in Ancient Egypt
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Writing in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Published around 3100 BC, hieroglyphic script was used. They are graven, sacred symbols that bear the gods' utterances and convey the sounds, meanings, and symbols of the drawings they speak.

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Ancient Egyptian Language
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Ancient Egyptian Language

Admin History of Egypt

Text messages were not sent with pyramids. However, a block of the pyramid presented by King Pepi I in 1880 alarmed the new Gaston Maspero, who convinces Mariette to uncover the remains of another pyramid, the Kings of Mererer, at the end of December. Then there came a fantastic discovery: the walls were covered in Egyptian hieroglyphic columns.

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The Rosetta Stone
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The Rosetta Stone: Key to Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

The Rosetta Stone, discovered in 1799 by French soldiers in Rosetta, Egypt, was instrumental in deciphering hieroglyphics. It contained a decree in Greek, Demotic, and hieroglyphic scripts, enabling scholars like Jean-François Champollion to understand ancient Egyptian language and culture. Today, it is housed in the British Museum and remains a symbol of linguistic and archaeological advancement.

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Dendera Temple _ Egypt
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Egypt's Pharaonic History

Admin History of Egypt

The Pharaonic Era, also known as Ancient Egypt, spanned over 3,000 years and was ruled by pharaohs from 3100 BCE to 332 BCE. It was characterized by significant achievements in architecture, art, governance, and religious beliefs, such as the Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx. The era also saw advancements in writing, mathematics, and medicine. Despite its end with Alexander the Great's conquest, its cultural legacy continues to fascinate the world today.

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The Hep Sed Festival in Ancient Egypt
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The Feast of The Hep Sed, the Feast of Rejuvenation

Admin History of Egypt

The Hep Sed Festival, also known as the Sed Festival, was an ancient Egyptian celebration to reaffirm the pharaoh's divine kingship. It took place after a 30-year reign and featured ceremonies, rituals, races, dances, and offerings to the gods. The festival symbolized the pharaoh's vitality and connection to the divine, reaffirming the stability and continuity of the kingdom.

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The First Intermediate Period _ Egypt History
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First Intermediate period | Egyptian history

Admin History of Egypt

The First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (c. 2181-2055 BCE) was marked by political fragmentation and social upheaval, following the collapse of centralized authority. This period saw the rise of regional rulers, nomarchs, and a decline in monumental building and artistic production. The division between Upper and Lower Egypt intensified, and various dynasties vied for power. The period marked the reunification of Egypt under the Middle Kingdom.

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Islamic-Cairo _ Egypt
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Arab Islamic Invasion of Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

During the reign of Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab, the Arab Muslim commander Amr ibn al-As annexed Egypt to the Islamic Caliphate in what is known as the Islamic conquest of Egypt after he completed the annexation of Palestine from the hands of the Romans and aimed to secure the conquests. Caliph Omar ibn al-Khattab feared Islamic armies entering Africa, but commander Amr ibn al-As, fond of Egypt before Islam, invaded after winning the Battle of Ajnadin.

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Foreigners who ruled Egypt
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Egypt under the rule of foreigners

Admin History of Egypt

Egypt has not been a land of luxury or happiness for its owners, especially in recent history, since it has been dominated by several foreign rulers from Alexander the Great to the freedom from occupation. President Gamal Abdel Nasser, King Farouk, Khedive Ismail, Muhammad Ali, and Abbas Helmi I are notable individuals who have all faced unsubstantiated accusations of poisoning, exile, assassination, or mental illness.

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The power of the women in ancient Egypt
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Women of Power and Influence in Ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

In ancient Egypt, women were considered equals to men, unlike the Greeks and Romans of antiquity. Despite being patriarchal and hierarchical, ancient Egypt allowed women to live their own lives in various areas. With a thriving economy, the country provided for the well-being and dignity of its subjects, including women, on an equal footing, more so than in other ancient civilizations.

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The absolute power of the priests in ancient Egypt,
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Priests of ancient Egypt

Admin History of Egypt

Geoffrey A. O'Rourke, a cultural anthropologist, explains that civilizations are often shaped by their belief systems, particularly in ancient Egypt. Priests, who often practice a religion, are often at the helm of a culture's way of life, transcending normal perceptions of devotion. In ancient Egypt, this attitude was primarily influenced by sociocultural influences, viewing individuals as instruments of god's will. This highlights the importance of understanding the complexities of religious beliefs in shaping societies.

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June 30 revolution Egypt
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June 30 revolution Egypt-Tahrir Square

Admin History of Egypt

The June 30, 2013 revolution in Egypt marked a significant shift in Egyptian history, paving the way for a new path of national action under President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi. This revolution, based on popular cohesion and national alignment, aimed to confront the terrorist Brotherhood's challenges and prevent Egypt from becoming an emirate subordinate to foreign plans.

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Egypt Tours FAQ

Read top Egypt tours FAQs

The pyramids, like the iconic Great Pyramid of Giza, were constructed around 2500 BC during the Old Kingdom period as elaborate tombs for pharaohs. These massive structures served as a final resting place for the pharaohs and were designed to protect their bodies and treasures for eternity.

The city of Thebes was started by a man named Kadmos, who planted dragon's teeth in the ground. Kadmos was not Greek, he was from Phoenicia.
 

Books written about Egyptian history are among the most important historical references from which you can learn about the past. The ancient Egyptians excelled in many sciences and arts and created many engineering buildings that are considered a scientific miracle that scientists are unable to explain until now.

Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest in the world, with its origins dating back to around 3100 BCE. This period marked the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, Narmer (also known as Menes), and the establishment of the Early Dynastic Period.

The history of Egypt is the history of human civilization, where the Egyptian man created and presented an ancient civilization that preceded the civilizations of the world's peoples.
It is a pioneering civilization in its innovation, architecture, and art, and it has astonished the world and scientists with its intellect and science. It is an interconnected civilization with which the Egyptian man interacted, left in his mind, and found its fingerprints, and you can see this in sights such as the pyramids of Giza, the discovery of secret passages therein, the Egyptian Museum, and the Luxor Temple, the Temple of Karnak, the Temple of Luxor, the Temple of Abu Semple, the Valley, and Queens.
Are you ready to join us on a breathtaking tour to visit Egypt's antiquities!

The history of Egypt is usually divided into several periods, such as prehistoric, ancient, medieval, early modern, late modern, and contemporary. The prehistoric period covers the time before the emergence of writing, which is estimated to be around 3200 BC. The ancient period covers the time from the first dynasty of pharaohs to the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. The medieval period covers the time from the Islamic invasion in 641 AD to the Ottoman rule in 1517 AD. The early modern period covers the time from the Ottoman rule to the Muhammad Ali dynasty in 1805 AD. The late modern period covers the time from the Muhammad Ali dynasty to the 1952 revolution.

Ancient Egypt made numerous significant achievements and contributions to human civilization. Some of the major ones include:

  • development of writing.
  • advancements in medicine.
  • mathematics and geometry.
  •     Architectural Marvels.
  • Astronomy and Calendar
  •     Hierarchical Society.
  • Art and Culture.
  •     Mummification.
  •     Religious Concepts.
  • papyrus and writing materials.

Pharaohs were considered divine rulers who held absolute power over Egypt. They were seen as intermediaries between the gods and the people, responsible for maintaining maat (balance and order) in society. Pharaohs were revered as living gods, and their authority was unquestioned. They played a central role in religious ceremonies, oversaw the administration of the state, and led military campaigns.

Naqādah is a town in Upper Egypt, located on the west side of the Nile River. It is an old place and has a lot of history. People used to live there a long time ago, even before the Egyptians had their kings. They have found old houses and places where people were buried from that time.
 

Yes, many ancient Egyptian monuments and sites can be visited today. The most famous ones include the Pyramids of Giza, the Valley of the Kings in Luxor, the temples of Luxor and Karnak, and the Abu Simbel temples. These sites offer a glimpse into the rich history, architecture, and culture of ancient Egypt. However, it's important to check with local authorities and tour operators for the latest information, as access to certain areas or specific sites may be restricted or require special permits.

The Baron Palace was built in 1910 by a man named Baron Édouard Empain, who also created the city of Heliopolis. He wanted to make a fancy and fun city for people in Egypt to enjoy.

 

 Ancient Egyptian meals mostly consisted of vegetables, fruit, milk, dairy products, and fish, in addition to bread and alcohol. Ancient Egyptians also consumed a wide variety of fattened fowl and wild birds. Regular beef eating is seen among the upper social classes. 
 

The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history of a country in the world for more than 7000 years BC. Egypt was distinguished by the presence of the Nile River, which was considered a catalyst for the establishment of an ancient civilization in it, and Egypt is located in a privileged geographical location that connects the continents of Asia and Africa and is linked to the continent of Europe through the Mediterranean Sea.

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